Human metabolism is embedded in planetary metabolism. The combustion of carbon compounds, their use as a resource in the construction of civilization, and deforestation are all major components of human metabolism. The overwhelming human metabolism has disrupted the carbon cycle of our planet, leading to the current climate crisis. Recycling atmospheric CO₂ into synthetic fuels through renewable energy allows for negative CO₂ emissions and paves the way for climate recovery. Living systems are chemical reaction networks that have evolved to be the most efficient at converting CO₂ in the earth's environment.

To use or mimic complex living systems, a thorough understanding of nanoscale synergistic phenomena and the ability to manipulate nanostructures are required. This highlights the critical role of nanoscience and technology in resolving the climate crisis.

The characteristics and critical components of a living system, as well as recent novel methods for manipulating nanoscale interfaces, will be discussed in this talk, which may enable us to build artificial living systems.